What causes varicoceles?
They are caused when the valves that prevent blood from flowing backwards in the vein fail and allow blood to pool and enlarge the vein. They are very similar to varicose veins in the legs. Other factors can increase your risk for developing a varicocele, including increased blood pressure, anatomical abnormalities and rapid growth. The latter is the reason why the condition is common in young men during puberty.
What are my treatment options?
If a varicocele is not causing any symptoms and fertility isn’t a consideration, no treatment may be necessary. If the varicocele is small, a strategy of “watchful waiting” may be advised to monitor it over time. If symptoms are mild, over-the-counter pain medications can relieve symptoms. If you wish to eventually have children, it may be necessary to treat the condition to improve fertility.
Varicocelectomy is a surgery to tie off the affected veins and is still sometimes used. However, a minimally invasive procedure with comparable outcomes to surgery is now available. Called percutaneous embolization, it’s highly effective, with minimal downtime and a much faster recovery compared with surgery.